Heights Is Good For The Jews By George J. Sanchez - 975 Words

The assigned readings offered an engaging view of the new suburban life emerging in California during the postwar years of the 1940s and 1950s. During this time, California was becoming heavily populated and was experiencing an increased demand for housing. In Holy Land, D.J. Waldie discussed the rise of the suburbs in Southern California, the creation of tract housing and shopping centers, and the 1950s illusion that everyone could be middle class (Waldie, 4-85). As suburban areas were developing and emerging within Southern California, a neighborhood was challenging the conservative norm of the time by allowing racial diversity within the area. In What s Good for Boyle Heights is Good for the Jews, George J. Sà ¡nchez s tells the forgotten history of Boyle Heights, a suburb of Los Angeles, praised for being one of America s first communities to embrace racial diversity. During a time of severe bigotry against African-Americans, Asian-Americans, and Latino-Americas, Jewish resident s of Boyle Heights were able to respect and accept minorities of color living within their community (Sà ¡nchez, 633-657). The postwar years in California demonstrated the extraordinary power the state had in developing suburbs and how a small district within the Los Angeles area was able to challenge the status quo on racial diversity. I was intrigued to read George J. Sà ¡nchez s What s Good for Boyle Heights is Good for the Jews for its social and racial significance. For example, in theShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesAre Sad 107 glOBalization! Should You Expect â€Å"Service with a Smile† All Around the World? 108 Self-Assessment Library What’s My Emotional Intelligence Score? 115 An Ethical Choice Schadenfreude 120 Point/Counterpoint Sometimes Blowing Your Top Is a Good Thing 122 Questions for Review 121 Experiential Exercise Who Can Catch a Liar? 123 Ethical Dilemma Happiness Coaches for Employees 123 Case Incident 1 Is It Okay to Cry at Work? 124 Case Incident 2 Can You Read Emotions from Faces? 124 S A L Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesthe International Systems of Law in the Twentieth Century †¢ Jean H. Quataert 116 5 The Impact of the Two World Wars in a Century of Violence †¢ John H. Morrow Jr. 161 6 Locating the United States in Twentieth-Century World History †¢ Carl J. Guarneri 213 7 The Technopolitics of Cold War: Toward a Transregional Perspective †¢ Gabrielle Hecht and Paul N. Edwards 271 8 A Century of Environmental Transitions †¢ Richard P. Tucker 315 About the Contributors †¢ 343 _

Definition and Examples of Standard American English

The term Standard American English customarily refers to a variety of the English language thats  generally used in professional communication in the United States and taught in American schools. Also known as  Edited American English, American Standard English, and General American. Standard American English (SAE or StAmE) may refer to either written English or spoken English (or both).Standard American English is not a myth, say linguists William Kretzschmar and Charles Meyer, but it is not identical with the language of any natural population of speakers; it is a very real institutional construct that has attracted the loyalty of a committed group of speakers who claim that they speak it (The Idea of Standard American English in  Standards of English, 2012). Examples and Observations The notion of a widespread, normative variety, or standard dialect, is an important one, but it is not always easy to define in a precise way, especially for English. . . .In the United States, we dont have a language academy, but we have many grammar and usage books that people turn to for the determination of standard forms. The key words in this definition are prescribed and authority so that the responsibility of determining standard forms is largely out of the hands of most speakers of the language. . . .If we took a sample of everyday conversational speech, we would find that there are virtually no speakers who consistently speak formal standard English as prescribed in the grammar books. In fact, it is not unusual for the same person who prescribes a formal standard English form to violate standard usage in ordinary conversation.(Walt Wolfram and Natalie Schilling-Estes, American English: Dialects and Variation, 2nd ed. Blackwell, 2006)Standard American English UsageStandard A merican English usage is linguistic good manners, sensitively and accurately matched to context—to listeners or readers, to situation, and to purpose. But because our language is constantly changing, mastering its appropriate usage is not a one-time task like learning the multiplication tables. Instead, we are constantly obliged to adjust, adapt, and revise what we have learned.(The Columbia Guide to Standard American English. Columbia University Press, 1993)Standard American English and Social PowerStandard American English is not a variety of English that is inherently standard, or better, or more beautiful, or more logical than other forms of English. What makes it standard is that some speakers of American English have the social power to impose the variety of English they happen to use on speakers of other varieties. They are in a position to make their English the prestigious form of English. They can do so thanks to their social power. Since this social power is desire d by other people, the English spoken by people with power is also desirable for others. In this sense, the possession of the prestigious variety is the possession of social power.(Zoltan Kovecses,   American English: An Introduction. Broadview, 2000)Standard American English Pronunciation- StAmE pronunciation differs from region to region, even from person to person, because speakers from different circumstances in and different parts of the United States commonly employ regional and social features to some extent even in formal situations.(William A. Kretzschmar, Jr., Standard American English Pronunciation. A Handbook of Varieties of English, ed. by Bernd Kortmann and Edgar W. Schneider. Mouton De Gruyter, 2004)- As for pronunciation, Standard American English is best defined as the avoidance of pronunciations associated with particular regions or social groups.(William A. Kretzschmar, Jr. and Charles F. Meyer,  The Idea of Standard American English. Standards of English:   Codified Varieties Around the World.  Cambridge University Press, 2012). Also see: American EnglishEdited American English (EAE)General American EnglishAfrican-American Vernacular English (AAVE)American SpellingLanguage StandardizationNonstandard EnglishPrescriptive GrammarPrestigeStandard British EnglishStandard EnglishWhat Is Standard English?

Compare and Contrast Beauty and Beast Essay - 1363 Words

Most modern fairytales are expected to have happy endings and be appropriate for children, nonetheless, in past centuries most were gruesome. Consequently, fairytales have been modified throughout time. The stories â€Å"Beauty and the Beast† by Jeanne-Marie LePrince de Beaumont and â€Å"The Summer and Winter Garden† by Jacob and Wilherm Grimm share similarities and differences. The two stories are distinct because of the peculiar year they have been written in. LePrince de Beaumont’s story is written in London of 1783 and Grimm’s in Germany of 1812. At the time, wealthy people in London, were educated and had nannies who would read to their children; whereas, in Germany, the Grimm brothers created their own interpretation into a short story.†¦show more content†¦Beast opened his eyes† (Le Prince de Beaumont 8).Although in this quote water brings the Beast back to life, in reality there is no possibility of such thing. The magic in the fair ytale is proven by this impossible cause. Furthermore, in â€Å"The Summer and Winter Garden,† seeing Beast lying on the pile of rotten cabbage heads, the beautiful daughter’s first thought was to bring him back to life somehow: â€Å"He was lying beneath them and was dead. She quickly fetched some water and poured it over him without stopping. Then he jumped up†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Grimm 3). Again, only in fairytales can reviving anyone be possible. The water is interpreted as magic because in reality, once death is reached, the chances that you will wake back into life are very minimal. In both stories the Beast’s only way to come back to life is by having water poured on him. It is only affective to survive by drinking water,. The only way water could wake someone up when poured on them is by them being alive. Both Beasts are willing to do and give anything for beauty and the girl to keep them happy. Although Beast kept beauty hostage, he is gentleman enough to gi ve her, her own space if she does not want anything to do with him: â€Å"you alone are mistress here; you need only bid me gone, if my presence is troublesome, and I will immediately withdraw† (LePrince de Beaumont 6). Beast being kind to Beauty is important because the goal is for her to want to stay with him forever. Since he shows compassion andShow MoreRelatedCultural Event Report Essays654 Words   |  3 PagesAttending a Performance Jessica Brown Professor Lafferty Hum 111: World Cultures I September 5, 2012 Event Name: Beauty amp; the Beast Musical Event Date amp; Time: August 10, 2012 Event Location: James F. Dean Theatre, Summerville, SC For this cultural event report I decided to attend a musical performance. This was a play of the classic movie Beauty and the Beast. This is the first time I have ever attended a live musical and I had an overall good experience. The one thing that IRead MoreWhere Do The Mermaids Stand1219 Words   |  5 Pagesthis movie expresses a hierarchy of gender and exaggerated femininity by demeaning the role of women in society. Susan Jeffords, author of â€Å"The Curse of Masculinity,† discusses similar ideologies in her article. This article looks at Disney’s Beauty and the Beast and focuses primarily the role of men and the how they perform to fit into this white male system by means of upholding hegemonic masculinity. The two articles â€Å"Where do the Mermaids stand† and â€Å"The curse of Masculinity,† bring to attentionRead MoreEssay about Beauty and the Beast1877 Words   |  8 Pagesmy favorite tales was Beauty and the Beast. If you ask children if th ey know this story, I would guarantee almost one hundred percent of them would. However, I’m sure the story they would know is that of the Disney version. In my lifetime, the majority of fairy tales I know are the Disney version. There is more than just Disney’s version of Beauty and the Beast, for example, the original by Le Prince de Beaumont, which will be discussed as well. To simply compare and contrast the two versions wouldRead MoreCompare and Contrast Two Works of Art1638 Words   |  7 PagesAnthony Arteaga Art History Ancient World Homework Assignment #1 Compare and contrast the subject, concept, and the Formal Element of the two works of art. Also, explain which category this work falls in. The two pieces I have chosen can be found on page 200, figure 6-51, Battle of Centaurs and Wild Beasts from Hadrian’s Villa and on page 434, figure 14-8, Battle of the Bird and Serpent. Not only did I choose these pieces for their beauty, but also because both works have similar yet different subjectsRead MoreGender Roles : The Little Mermaid ( 1989 ) And Beauty And The Beast897 Words   |  4 Pagesis the topic of gender roles and how they can impact society. In this paper I will be focusing on the gender roles illustrated in Disney films with specific attention on Cinderella (1950), The Little Mermaid (1989) and Beauty and the Beast (1991). I hope to demonstrate and compare the gender roles of men and women within these films and discuss the relation between Disney films and society based on a feminist perspective. DEFINING MASCULINITY AND FEMININTY: It is apparent that there are clear distinctionsRead MoreComparing Jane Eyre, Cinderella, and Beauty and the Beast1830 Words   |  8 Pagesaim of this essay is to analyze the love story between the two protagonists and to illustrate how the elements forming their relationship resemble the ones in fairy tales. Jane Eyre has been often compared to fairy tales such as Cinderella or Beauty and the Beast and I believe that this close connection with the fantastic stories has a huge influence on the relationship between the main characters. The theme of love is quietly introduced in the novel from the very beginning, when the reader is familiarizedRead MoreLifestyle, Social Grouping, Interactions, and Survival in _Out of the Silent Planet_1322 Words   |  6 PagesRansom learns that the social system in planet Malacandra is a stark contrast with the social system on planet earth. In this regard, this paper provides an analysis of the two planets, and it compares and contrasts them by focusing on lifestyle, social grouping, interact ions, as well as survival and life. Out of the silent planet is an illustration of how human beings on planet Earth are evil (Lowman 15). To show the social contrast, the author creates a utopian planet called Malacandra where inhabitantsRead MoreAnalysis Of Daffodils By William Wordsworth2381 Words   |  10 Pagessome comfort during his troubled times. He did not necessarily know where he was going or where his path would lead him but the thought of nature being alongside him as comforting to him. This idea of nature being like ‘mother nature’ was a stark contrast to the views of Coleridge’s feelings towards it, which were more like worship than love. Coleridge’s poems are often said to bring to mind Wordsworth’s in their idealistic understandings of nature, specifically the aspects where pure human emotionRead MoreAnalysis Of Some Could Suckle Over Their Shoulder By Jennifer Morgan1165 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"Some Could Suckle over Their Shoulder,† Jennifer Morgan conveys that history’s opinion of racial beauty is indeed only skin deep. By primarily relying on the perception of Englishmen about black women, Morgan argues that the stereotypical ideas of boundaries between races were born far before the American slavery period. She claims that though Americans’ enslavement of Africans may have been the climax of racism, the idea of racial inequality was introduced and nourished in the pre-colonizedRead MoreExplore and compare the romantic relationships in the play; Beatrice and Benedick, Claudio and Hero1555 Words   |  7 Pages Explore and compare the romantic relationships in the play; Beatrice and Benedick, Claudio and Hero The theme of love is the fundamental premise in this play. Shakespeare has shrewdly created two relationships intertwining and unfolding throughout the play that contrast with each other dramatically and comically. The story of Beatrice and Benedick takes centre stage in the play and because of there witty and extroverted personalities we immediately warm towards them

Human Trafficking A Nation s Economy, Political, And...

Human trafficking is the trade of humans by force, mainly women and female children, for the purposes of sexual slavery, sexual exploitation, and domestic labor. Global human trafficking has often been labeled as modern- day slavery; however the history and causes have been identifiable just as the causes of traditional slavery have been. What causes human trafficking? In this present paper, the hypotheses on the primary causes of global human trafficking will be identified. There are three major themes that cause human trafficking: a nation’s economy, political and legal factors, and social factors that enable the continuance of human trafficking. According to previous research indications of historical influence and social hierarchy have the greatest impact on the causes of human trafficking; these topics will further be elaborated upon during the discussions of political influences and social factors that impact human trafficking. My choice in this topic was to examine the many diverse global causes, effects, and efforts that combat domestic and global human trafficking to further promote social justice through research and adaption of foreign policy. The purpose of this research is to identify the different causes of human trafficking. The research question was, what are the main causes of human trafficking? The goal is to determine the primary causes of human trafficking in order to research how to minimize the use of forced labor that is human trafficking.Show MoreRelatedIs Human Trafficking A Complex Process?2440 Words   |  10 Pages Why is the phenomenon of human trafficking a complex process? Trafficking in persons is a phenomenon that one cannot reduce to ‘root cause’ that culminated in the past few decades to give rise to the return of slavery (Lee 2012). This paper brings together a number of key scholars to provide a mix of theoretic empirical discussion and analysis on the phenomenon of human trafficking, these scholars approached the trade in human beings as it is presently constituted, adopting an insight perspectivesRead MoreCombating Child Labor Trafficking Globally1995 Words   |  8 PagesCombating child labor trafficking globally has been one of the main socio political conflicts that needs to be terminated, due to the exploitation of children in the workplace and the hazardous conditions through which they are exposed. The estimated number of discrepancies have increased over a period of time, depicting the numerous amounts of young children induced into forced labor in the following areas: brothels, agriculture, and sweat shops to contribute to the financial needs of their familiesRead MoreThe World Of Human Trafficking Essay1954 Words   |  8 Pages Why Countries are Reluctant to Effectively Combat Human Trafficking It is a crime that involves 21 million people worldwide, affects all areas from the slums and tribal villages to the skyscraper-filled metropolises, and pervades gender, ethnicity, and class (International Labour Organization 2014). Villains in the narrative range from prominent political figures, internationally organized rings, and even a victim’s own family members. The modus operandi? Emotional, mental, and physical abuse;Read MoreThe Trafficking Of Human Trafficking3494 Words   |  14 Pagesended, never to return, they go back and sneak into our communities in severe forms by human trafficking crimes. When humanity eliminated the phenomenon of human slavery, it returned in different pictures and forms, combining them enslaving people, through the recruitment, transportation, transfer of people by force and threat, and using and exploiting them in different ways. Among the victims of human trafficking crimes, there are those who are subjected to sexual exploitation, labor exploitationRead MoreParable Of The Sower By Octavia Butler Essay1935 Words   |  8 Pagesglobal warming, poverty, and human trafficking. Butler predicts that in the future human trafficking will become a widespread norm as the nation deteriorates. Unfortunately, the reality of widespread human trafficking has already been realized both in the United States and globally. Human trafficking has become a widespread global problem where people are exploited through forced labor, slavery, organ harvesting and various forms of sexual exploitation. Preventing trafficking and rescuing victims fromRead MoreDisney Theme Park Case Study3545 Words   |  15 PagesDisney Company would be research costs, political risks in other countries, and cultural problems with other countries. 2. Disney Land leaders questioned whether a Disneyland-style of entertainment would succeed outside of the United States, because of culture differences. For that reason they did not wanted to take the risk, but as we can see they made a mistake, hence the Tokyo Disney Park is the entertainment park most visited in the world. 3. Factors In The External Environment that ContributedRead MoreThe Transnational Security Threats from Failed States1308 Words   |  6 Pagessecurity threats to the world than it were ever imagined. The collapse of autonomy and sovereignty among states is therefore a susceptible situation in the modern world. Developed states like the United States and other notable security sensitive nations are focusing their security efforts towards the failed states. This is mainly because these weak states have become breeding sites for criminal activities, and terrorist groups have established strong bases in such countries. The challenges posedRead MoreHow Globalization Has Affected Our Generation? Essay1666 Words   |  7 Pagesglobalization has affected our generation in different ways so we can compare and contrast the movements of the 21 century in positive and negative ways. The world has been impacted regularly in conflicts regarding the major political changes over the years we hav e seen a major growth in economies around world, countries like China and India have managed to rise up to compete with one major power the United States of America, the nature of this envelopment begins in how free trade and economic issues made politiciansRead MoreA Report On Human Trafficking3218 Words   |  13 PagesPRELIMINARY STATEMENT Human trafficking, (H.T.), has far reaching global effects. No state is immune to, and no state is free of, H.T. violations and the personal and state damages of the crime. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, (UNDOC), the four prongs required to find H.T. are: (a) the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, ofRead MoreA Research On Friends Of Maiti Nepal2154 Words   |  9 Pagesdoing a research on Friends of Maiti Nepal, an official US representative of Maiti Nepal. Maiti Nepal is an organization founded by Anuradha Koirala. Friends of Maiti Nepal is a non-profit organization dedicated to addressing the human rights crisis of girl sex-trafficking by supporting Maiti Nepal in its work of prevention, interception, rescue and rehabilitation of victims; and criminal prosecution of perpetrators. Recent studies show that about 20,000 girls are trafficked every year in Nepal. Most

Essay on Edwin Chadwick Free Essays

Edwin Chadwick was a man that made a huge different in our world a long time ago. Mr. Edwin Chadwick was born January 24th, 1800 and passed away July 16th, 1890. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Edwin Chadwick or any similar topic only for you Order Now He lived a very long life and it was all due to the changes in the world that he made that prolonged his life as well as our lives today. I know everyone is asking the same question, â€Å"What did a man that died about 120 years ago do that helps prolong my life today? † I will tell you and explain how we still live by Mr. Edwin Chadwick’s changes and use his invents to this day. Mr.  Chadwick was born in Manchester, England; but was raised by both his parents in London. Mr. Chadwick was an attorney. Edwin Chadwick received his earliest education in Longsight and Stockport. In 1810, his parent decided to more to London where then begun to receive education by private tutors. Mr. Edwin Chadwick was an attorney that was all about making changes in the reforming of the poor laws and making sanitary conditions better so it could improve the public health. Mr. Edwin Chadwick believed that his inventions would not only improve the health of people, but it would also save money. In 1834, Edwin Chadwick was given a job as the secretary of the Poor Law Commissioners. Mr. Chadwick’s sanitary ideas made the government fierce and sustain criticism. Mr. Chadwick paid out of his own expense for researches and publishing papers about the unsafe sanitary conditions. Mr. Edwin Chadwick had a lot of problems with his superiors and there was a lot of disagreement that lead to the dissolution in 1847 of The Poor Law Commission. At the same time that Edwin Chadwick was working for The Poor Law Commission, he was answering questions about sanitary and trying to find away to improve it. Mr. Chadwick was all about making changes in reforming of the poor laws and sanitary conditions. Mr. Chadwick strongly believed that the unsafe sanitary conditions were causing illnesses and lots of unnecessary deaths. Mr. Edwin Chadwick was putting together ideas that later was known as the â€Å"sanitary idea†. In 1842, Edwin Chadwick invented what we know today as the sewer tank. He found a healthier and proper way for removal of trash and sewage. Mr. Edwin Chadwick knew that the odor from the sewage and trash was harming the public. Mr.  Edwin Chadwick also knew that by putting the sewage underground and running it through a special pipeline into a special designed tank would be healthier for the public and by doing so the unpleasant odor (miasmas) from the above ground sewage and trash would disappear. After Mr. Chadwick introduced the sewage tank and proper trash removal the life expectancy increased. Edwin Chadwick invented the self flushing toilet; it was lined in glazed bricks. We use these several times today and never really thought about where they came from or what life would be like without them. Mr. Chadwick invented and changed our sanitary conditions; by doing so there are few illnesses and deaths. We can flush our toilet and do not have to smell that nasty odor from the gas that would one day kill us. Edwin Chadwick had the idea of separating the sewage lines and water line a distances away from each other. By doing so it proved clean fresh drinking water that we enjoy today. In 1847, Edwin Chadwick changed the amount of smoke and soot that comes from chimneys. He created a law that protects the public from the harm of hazard materials. By doing so Edwin Chadwick helped control the pollution in our environment. This made it a lot easier and safer for people to breath fresh air and enjoy being outside. Edwin Chadwick forced the government to get health inspectors to see that our community stays safe, so that we could have healthier lives. He also pushed the government for better-ventilated and less crowded housing for families, wider streets for traveling to and from, workplace health and safety legislation for employees, increased use of indoor plumbing, and stops the children employment in factories. In 1854, Edwin Chadwick pushed the government to registration of all births, all deaths, and all marriage. It is amazing that if it was not for Edwin Chadwick we would not have birth certificates of our children, death certificates of our loved ones, or marriage licenses to our spouses. A driver’s license is needed to get a job and/or any government help that anyone might need. In 1854, Edwin Chadwick pushed the government to registration of all births, all deaths, and all marriage. It is amazing that if it was not for Edwin Chadwick we would not have birth certificates of our children, death certificates of our loved ones, or marriage licenses to our spouses. By inventing these certificates we can keep count of the population of people today. Because of Edwin Chadwick, We have birth certificate for our husbands, sons, daughters, and ourselves. We have marriage licenses to show our husbands when they acts crazy; okay and the men can show them to the wives too. We need death certificates to claim life insurance policies of loved ones. How to cite Essay on Edwin Chadwick, Essay examples

Required To Act As Balanced Individualsâ€Free Samples For Students

Question: Discuss About The Required To Act As Balanced Individuals? Answer: Introducaation: During our team-work assignment, one thing which I learnt was that in teamwork we are not required to act as balanced individuals but as individuals who can balance the team. Hence, on field, I kept observing the various learning situations and kept on making notes. My main focus was on exploring different dimensions of Supportive Classroom Environment. Not only will I concentrate on the learning situations, I will also explore how different dimensions affect the classroom environment. My endeavour will be to not only identify the different elements of the dimensions, but also find references which are absent in the learning environment. My attempt is to reflect on the importance of these dimensions and their implications on the classroom environment in general, as detailed by Boud, Keogh Walker (ed), (2013). In a team work environment, essentially both 'deep knowledge' and 'deep understanding' are the most important dimensions. Although students can easily demonstrate deep knowledge about the concepts of the task, they seldom demonstrate deep understanding of their knowledge and often fail to use these to solve the given problem. Hence, when my team was asked to 'think carefully' about the task at hand, I told the team members to concentrate on the problems in the task and how these could be overcome, as explained by Parent, (2016). The team members did this and it became obvious to them that they were more focussed. This finally indicated to me that they were fully involved in the task. This also reflected in their diary entries and they showed great deal of character strength in completing the task. References Boud, D., Keogh, R. and Walker, D. (ed). 2013, Reflection: Turning Experience Into Learning. Routledge, Oxon. Parent, T. 2016, Self-Reflection for the Opaque Mind: An Essay in Neo-Sellarsian Philosophy. Routledge, Oxon.

Business Economic Growth Economic Health

Question: Describe about the Business Economic Growth for Economic Health. Answer: 1. Economic growth generally measures the economic health by taking into consideration the economic growth and development of the country. The economic growth of a country is increased as the GDP of the country increases. It can be measured in both nominal and real terms, the latter of which is adjusted for inflation. Economic growth in any country is a way out to poverty and unemployment as it helps to generate jobs and enhances purchasing power so that individuals can meet their requirements. The paradox of economic growth is where economic growth increase along with inequality in income. Social welfare payments are not included in GDP as it is a form of double counting. The number of working-age people who receives welfare payments is related strongly to the status of labor market. However, the number of individuals who are receiving payments related to social welfare do not fall as rapidly as the rate of unemployment. Economic growth does not include the unemployment programs as lon g-term rate of unemployment directs to a weakening in skill levels and confidence. This in turn, diminishes the intensity of a person who looks for a job (Meade 2013). GDP measures the value of production of commodities and services. The formula for calculating GDP is as follows: GDP = C + I + X M. The calculation shows the GDP data for the country Australia from March Qtr 2016 to Jun Qtr 2016 and from Jun Qtr 2015 to Jun Qtr 2016 (Polasky et al. 2015). March Qtr 2016 to Jun Qtr 2016 (% change) Jun Qtr 2015 to Jun Qtr 2016 (% change) GDP Trend Seasonally adjusted 0.7 3.1 0.5 3.3 Final Consumption Expenditure Trend Seasonally adjusted 0.8 3.2 0.8 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation Trend Seasonally adjusted -3.4 -4.5 GDP chain price index Original Terms of Trade 0.9 0.3 Seasonally adjusted 2.3 -5.4 Real net national disposable income Trend Seasonally adjusted 1.0 2.1 Social welfare payments are associated with the trade-off between the program of redistribution of income as well as economic growth. The increase in social welfare payments that started accounted for slowdown in the economy. Social welfare payments lead to reduction of insecurity with respect to uneven as well as unexpected expenditures. 2. Unemployment mainly leads to a situation where an individual is searching for a work actively however; he is not able to get one. There are various types of unemployment such as cyclical unemployment, Structural unemployment, Voluntary and Involuntary unemployment as well as frictional unemployment. Unemployment can be divided into both voluntary and involuntary unemployment where voluntary unemployment takes place when a person is leaving the previous job at his own wish. On the other hand, involuntary unemployment refers to the situation where a person gets fired from their work. According to the economists, involuntary unemployment is a larger problem as compared to voluntary unemployment (Hobson 2013). The downturn in aggregate demand leads to cyclical unemployment as the existing individuals lose their jobs. Similarly, demand deficient takes place when the decline in aggregate demand is unrelenting that leads to long-term unemployment. Cyclical unemployment takes place mainly during the period of recession particularly when the demand and services in the economy declines. The overall trends in growth and production that takes place within the trade cycle is caused by cyclical unemployment. The main reason that leads to unemployment is bubble burst as well as financial crisis in the economy. However, cyclical unemployment tends to disappear when an economy tends to recover from recession as well as depression. The graph shows that aggregate demand curve shift towards the left from AD to AD1 and as a result, quantity decreases from Y1 to Y (Diamond 2013). Figure: Aggregate Demand (Source: Created by Author) Structural unemployment takes place when certain industries turn down due to long-term changes in the market circumstances. It also takes place when some labor markets have more workers as compared to the jobs available. Structural unemployment are also likely to take place when the skills that are possessed by the individuals are not in high demand in the market. In other words, a mismatch takes place between the skills of the workers and the needs of the employers. Structural unemployment is of a long-term variety and as a result, it is thought of a considerable problem (Quercia, Pennington-Cross and Tian 2014). The easiest form of unemployment is the frictional unemployment as it takes place when individuals take time to move from one job to another. In other words, it takes some time for the workers to search for the work that suits the criteria and is a good fit for the individual. However, with the advancement of technology the employees and the companies had found it easier to search jobs in a more proficient manner. This type of unemployment is also termed as voluntary unemployment as employees are choosing to stay unemployed rather than get the initial job that comes along. However, frictional unemployment is not necessarily incompetent as the individuals get the time to search for the correct job. Structural unemployment is more serious as compared to cyclical unemployment as a cyclical problem can be solved by simply encouraging economic growth with low rates of interest. However, structural unemployment replicates a deeper problem and it does not disappear even if the monetary recovery increases traction (Elsby, Hobijn and Sahin 2015). References Diamond, P., 2013. Cyclical unemployment, structural unemployment.IMF Economic Review,61(3), pp.410-455. Elsby, M.W., Hobijn, B. and Sahin, A., 2015. On the importance of the participation margin for labor market fluctuations.Journal of Monetary Economics,72, pp.64 Hobson, J.A., 2013.The Economics of Unemployment (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Meade, J.E., 2013.A Neo-Classical Theory of Economic Growth (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Polasky, S., Bryant, B., Hawthorne, P., Johnson, J., Keeler, B. and Pennington, D., 2015. Inclusive wealth as a metric of sustainable development.Annual Review of Environment and Resources,40, pp.445-466. Quercia, R.G., Pennington-Cross, A. and Tian, C.Y., 2014. Differential impacts of structural and cyclical unemployment on mortgage default and prepayment.The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, pp.1-22.